The Nayanmars were a group of 63 Tamil poet-saints who lived between the 6th and 9th centuries and were devoted to Lord Shiva, expressing their devotion through hymns and poetry. They played a crucial role in revitalizing Saivism, a major sect of Hinduism, and their works laid the foundation for the Bhakti movement in South India. The Nayanmars hailed from diverse backgrounds, including royalty, peasants, and untouchables, highlighting the inclusiveness of the Bhakti movement. Their hymns, compiled in the Tirumurai, are considered sacred and are still recited in Shiva temples today.

 

Among the Nayanmars, the most prominent four are known as the Saiva Nalvar or "The Four Saints" - Appar, Sundarar, Thiru Gnanasambandar, and Manickavasagar. Appar, also known as Thirunavukkarasar, is celebrated for his deep philosophical hymns and for promoting Saivism against the backdrop of Jain influence. Sambandar, a child prodigy, composed numerous hymns that praised Lord Shiva and were characterized by their intense devotion and lyrical beauty. Sundarar, known for his intimate and personal relationship with Shiva, expressed his devotion through poignant and emotional poetry. Manickavasagar, the author of the Tiruvacakam, is revered for his mystical and deeply spiritual hymns that reflect his profound inner experiences and unwavering devotion.

 

The contributions of these four saints were instrumental in shaping the Saiva Siddhanta philosophy, which emphasizes the relationship between the soul and Shiva. Their lives and works continue to inspire millions, embodying the ideals of devotion, humility, and selfless service. The Saiva Nalvar are often depicted together in temples, symbolizing their collective contribution to the Saiva tradition. Their hymns not only enriched Tamil literature but also played a pivotal role in the religious and cultural landscape of South India. Today, the legacy of the Nayanmars and the Saiva Nalvar is celebrated through festivals, temple rituals, and ongoing recitation of their timeless hymns.